EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) is an evidence-based therapy widely used to treat PTSD and other trauma-related issues. However, there are many misconceptions about the supposed dangers associated with EMDR therapy.
In this blog, we explore the facts about EMDR, some of the misnomers, the pitfalls of attempting EMDR on yourself, ways to reduce harm and compassionate alternatives – offering both clarity and reassurance along the way.
1. Emotional Distress
One of the most common concerns of EMDR therapy is that it can bring up strong emotional feelings. Having to revisit traumatic memories can temporarily increase anxiety, depression, anger, nightmares, and of course there is the potential for you to feel overwhelmed. In such cases, we work alongside you to make sure the treatment is at a manageable pace.
The consequences of inadequate pacing or lack of preparation can make the trauma worse. This is especially risky during Phase 4 of EMDR (Desensitisation) without strong emotional readiness. We have written a blog on ‘The Eight Phases of EMDR Therapy’, where we look deeper into each phase.
How to mitigate this:
- Choose a trained EMDR therapist who carefully structures sessions, begins with less distressing memories and monitors SUD (Subjective Units of Disturbance) levels.
- Develop grounding and breathing techniques to keep emotional regulation in a manageable state.
- Phase 7 of EMDR therapy is about closure, and this is the best way to mitigate any feelings of a lack of closure or discomfort.
2. Potential Side Effects of EMDR
Common, although typically mild symptoms of EMDR therapy can include the following: headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vivid dreams and strong emotional fluctuations.
These do tend to be short-lived and will lessen as your therapy progresses. In these milder cases, standard good practices of hydration, adequate rest and practicing grounding techniques can help to manage these side effects.
3. Dissociation and Disconnect
This is especially common for people who are suffering from complex trauma or dissociative tendencies. EMDR can cause dissociation – which is where someone feels disconnected from their self – and so having memory gaps or feeling as though you are observing yourself from outside the body is a reported side effect.
Coping strategies for this:
- Conduct thorough assessment in Phase 1 of EMDR therapy (history-taking and treatment planning) and avoiding starting this treatment before stabilisation.
- Build emotional regulation and grounding in Phase 2 (preparation).
- Continuously monitor and adjust your pacing in the EMDR session if any dissociation shows.
4. Memory Distortion & False Memories
Bilateral stimulation can occasionally reduce memory vividness or increase inaccuracy, leading to doubt or false memory creation. Whilst not as common as milder symptoms such as headaches or vivid dreams, this can feel particularly distressing.
Tips to avoid this:
- Ensure your therapist follows evidence-based EMDR protocols and understands memory science.
- Maintain a critical mindset, as new or recovered memories are not always the most accurate.
- Don’t pressure yourself into recalling more than you’re comfortable with.
At The Chelsea Psychology Clinic, we understand and empathise that EMDR therapy may appear daunting or difficulty because of its methods. We work alongside you at a manageable pace to make sure any worries or side effects are alleviated should they arise.
5. Inadequate Preparation or Professional Oversight
Engaging in EMDR without sufficient preparation – or attempting it on yourself – can backfire. Self-administration without therapeutic support lacks the necessary risk assessment, stabilisation and closure, leading to overwhelming thoughts and emotions. This method of self-treatment also prevents you from getting the most out of your session.
As with any evidence-based therapy, it’s important to make sure any clinician or therapist is trained in their field to get the best out of it. This way, they can also support you through any worries, queries or re-evaluations.
Am I Suitable for EMDR Therapy?
EMDR therapy is best suited for people who have:
- Certain trauma-related symptoms, such as PTSD or complex PTSD.
- An adequate emotional stability, either naturally or achieved during preparation.
- A strong therapeutic rapport and motivation for structured work, long-term treatment.
EMDR may not be suitable for those who are actively battling a deep distress or sensations or for those who prefer more common talking therapies such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT).
It’s important to note that when administered properly and effectively, EMDR is a safe, effective and transformative therapy. Reputable organisations including the World Health Organisation and NICE endorse this therapy for PTSD treatment – and others.
The side effects noted above are often mild in nature, typically occur early and diminish as treatment progresses. Additionally, EMDR is structured with built-in safety measures like Preparation, Closure and Re-Evaluation phases.
How to Mitigate EMDR Risks
- Start with a proper assessment: Ensure stability and a readiness to begin EMDR therapy.
- Choose an accredited therapist: Our accredited therapists will help you on your journey and ensure risks are mitigated.
- Focus on preparation: Try coping mechanisms and safety planning before any memory work.
- Monitor closely: Scale session intensity and request pauses if you are feeling overwhelmed at any point.
- Grounding and closure: Use calming imagery and regulation to end sessions safely.
- Re-evaluate regularly: Integrate and track progress between sessions with your therapist.
Frequently Asked Questions for EMDR
Is EMDR dangerous?
When properly conducted by a trained clinician, EMDR is generally safe, with most risks being mild and manageable.
Can I do EMDR alone?
No. Without professional oversight, EMDR carries a high risk of emotional destabilisation and other side effects that are hard to manage if not trained in this field.
Why is EMDR Therapy So Controversial?
Naturally, the idea that something as simple as eye movements could have a meaningful psychological effect didn’t sit easily with the scientific community. Many believed the early claims were overblown or lacked a clear explanation, but we have written a handy blog exploring why EMDR therapy is controversial for more information.
Final Thoughts
EMDR remains a powerful and validated, evidence-based treatment for trauma, but only when it’s delivered within its full eight-phase protocol and with the support of a trained therapist. The possible dangers are real, but avoidable through evidence-based practice and client-centred care.
You deserve healing that’s both effective and supportive. And with the right preparation, guidance and care, EMDR can be a transformational part of your recovery journey at The Chelsea Psychology Clinic.
If you’d like tailored guidance on whether EMDR is right for you – or if you’d prefer to step gently into trauma-informed care – contact us today to find a therapist attuned to your pace and needs.
