Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a well-known developmental condition, but what about those who show characteristics that don’t neatly fit into the typical autism diagnosis? This is where atypical autism comes into play. We’ll delve deeper into what atypical autism is, its symptoms, behaviours, testing and how it compares to other autism spectrum conditions like Asperger’s syndrome.
What is Atypical Autism?
Atypical autism, also known as Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), is a condition on the autism spectrum. People with atypical autism show some, but not all, of the traits associated with classic autism. This can include differences in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviours. Unlike classic autism, where certain core symptoms (such as significant challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviours) are typically present to a noticeable degree, atypical autism can involve a more uneven distribution of symptoms. For example, some people might experience mild social difficulties but significant communication challenges, or vice versa.
The term “atypical” simply means that the autism does not fit the typical diagnostic criteria for classic autism or other specific autism spectrum disorders like Asperger’s syndrome. This makes it a more flexible diagnosis that encompasses a broader range of symptoms and behaviours.
Symptoms of Atypical Autism
Understanding the symptoms of atypical autism can be important for recognising and supporting those with this diagnosis. The symptoms can vary widely but often include the following:
Social Interaction Difficulties
One of the hallmark symptoms of atypical autism is difficulty with social interactions. This can manifest as challenges in forming relationships, limited social reciprocity, and difficulty understanding social cues. Those with atypical autism may struggle to make and maintain friendships, engage in the back-and-forth of typical social interactions, and interpret body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice.
Communication Differences
Communication challenges are also a key symptom of atypical autism. These can include delayed speech and language development, unusual speech patterns, and difficulty with non-verbal communication. Some people with atypical autism may speak later than their peers, use echolalia (repeating words or phrases), speak in a monotone, or use language in a very literal way, and have trouble using or understanding gestures and facial expressions.
Repetitive Behaviours and Restricted Interests
People with atypical autism often engage in repetitive behaviours and have restricted interests. These can include repetitive movements such as hand-flapping or rocking, ritualistic behaviours, and an intense focus on specific topics. They might insist on specific routines or ways of doing things and show deep interest in particular subjects or activities.
Atypical Autism Symptoms in Adults
While atypical autism is often diagnosed in childhood, many adults may go undiagnosed until later in life. Symptoms in adults can include social challenges, communication differences, routine and rigidity, and sensory sensitivities. Adults may struggle to maintain employment or relationships due to social misunderstandings, have difficulties with nuanced conversations and interpreting social cues, prefer routines, and experience distress when routines are disrupted. They may also have developed coping strategies that mask their symptoms, making diagnosis more challenging.
Autism Atypical Behaviours
Atypical autism behaviours can be varied and unique to each individual. Common behaviours might include sensory processing differences, unusual interests or hobbies, and difficulty with transitions. Someone with atypical autism may have overwhelming sensitivity to sensory stimuli or seek out intense sensory experiences, and may be fascinated with topics that seem unusual in their intensity or specificity. They might also struggle to shift from one activity or routine to another without distress.
How Atypical Autism Differs from Typical Autism
While both atypical and typical autism fall under the broader category of Autism Spectrum Disorders, they differ in several ways. Typical autism has a more consistent set of core symptoms, while atypical autism presents a more variable symptom profile. Symptoms in typical autism are often more severe and uniformly distributed, whereas atypical autism shows an uneven distribution of symptoms. Atypical autism can be harder to diagnose due to its less predictable pattern of symptoms, compared to the more recognisable symptoms of typical autism.
Atypical Autism vs. Asperger’s Syndrome – What’s the Difference?
While both atypical autism and Asperger’s syndrome are on the autism spectrum, there are some distinct differences. People with Asperger’s usually do not have a significant delay in language development, whereas those with atypical autism might. Those with Asperger’s often have average to above-average intelligence, while cognitive abilities in atypical autism can vary widely. Both conditions involve social challenges, but the nature and extent can differ. For example, Asperger’s syndrome may involve more pronounced social awkwardness despite a strong desire to interact.
Diagnosing Atypical Autism
Diagnosing atypical autism involves a comprehensive evaluation by a specialist. This typically includes gathering a detailed developmental history, which involves collecting extensive information about early childhood development to identify any patterns or delays that may be indicative of atypical autism. Behavioural assessments will then be carried out to observe and assess behaviour in various settings, providing insights into how someone interacts with their environment and others. Communication evaluations are also an important part of the diagnosis process, as they assess speech and language skills to determine if there are any significant delays or unusual patterns in communication. Additionally, psychological testing is performed to measure cognitive abilities and identify any co-occurring conditions that might be present alongside atypical autism.
Atypical autism can be diagnosed at any age, and recognizing the symptoms is the first step toward getting the right support. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for people with atypical autism, helping them to develop essential skills and strategies for navigating their daily lives.
Living with Atypical Autism
Living with atypical autism can present unique challenges, but with the right support, it’s possible to live a meaningful, fulfilling life. Strategies for support include early intervention, speech therapy, occupational therapy, behavioural therapy, building a strong support network of family, friends, and professionals, and personalised education plans tailored to meet a person’s individual needs.
Atypical autism is a complex and nuanced condition, and it requires understanding. By recognising the symptoms and behaviours associated with atypical autism, both in children and adults, we can provide better support and interventions tailored to each person. Whether you are a parent, caregiver, or someone who suspects they may have atypical autism, seeking professional support is crucial. Remember, each person with atypical autism is unique, and with the right approach, they can thrive and achieve their full potential.
If you have any concerns or need further information, please don’t hesitate to reach out to our specialist neurodevelopmental team. Understanding and support are the keys to navigating atypical autism effectively.
